B18.12 - Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners
Description:
This Standard is as summary of nomenclature and terminology currently used to
define and/or describe mechanical fasteners, related characteristics, and the
manufacturing processes that produce these products. Utilization of these terms
by manufacturers and consumers is intended to reduce or eliminate confusion and
serve as a sound basis for communication. (a) Primary Operations. Mechanical
fasteners are produced by forming or screw machine operations. Forming is
generally scrapless and, depending upon size, may produce fasteners at rates
exceeding 500 pieces per minute. Screw machining, although more tightly
toleranced, is significantly slower and generates scrap because it involves the
removal of material. (b) Secondary Operations. Fasteners generally undergo
several secondary operations or processes such as thread rolling, heat treating,
or plating. (c) Fastener. A fastener is a mechanical device designed
specifically to hold, join, couple, assemble, or maintain equilibrium of single
or multiple components. The resulting assembly may function dynamically or
statically as a primary or secondary component of a mechanism or structure.
Based on the intended application, a fastener is produced with varying degrees
of built in precision and engineering capability, ensuring adequate, sound
service under planned, preestablished environmental conditions. (d) Bolts,
Studs, Screws, Nuts, Washers, Rivets, Pins, and Custom Formed Parts. These items
are the general product families in which mechanical fasteners are best
classified. Within each product family are numerous types that may have a name
conforming to the technical language of a national standard or alternately may
have a name that has its origins in commercial or marketing nomenclature often
taken from its intended application. Such names, for example, include the
"stove bolt" and "carriage bolt." Because mechanical
fasteners are used in just about every mechanical assembly, they necessarily
have been designed to meet a broad range of applications from watch and computer
assembly to space shuttle design. The names given to fasteners appear to be as
limitless as the designer's imagination. While many fasteners may look alike,
they generally have defined engineered capabilities based upon their intended
application.
See ANSI /
ASME Hardware Chart and Guide
Category: ASME Engineering Standards Specifications
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