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The losses that occur in pipelines due to
bends, elbows, joints, valves, etc. are sometimes called
minor losses. This is a
misnomer because in many cases these losses are more
important than the losses
due to pipe friction, considered in the preceding section.
For all minor losses in turbulent
flow, the head loss varies as the square of the velocity.
Thus a convenient method of expressing
the minor losses in flow is by means of a loss coefficient
(k). Values of the loss coefficient
(k) for typical situations and fittings is found in standard
handbooks. The form of Darcy’s
equation used to calculate minor losses of individual fluid
system components is expressed
by Equation 3-15.
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