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The venturi tube, illustrated in Figure F1,
is the most accurate flow-sensing element when properly
calibrated. The venturi tube has a converging conical inlet,
a cylindrical throat, and a diverging recovery cone. It has
no projections into the fluid, no sharp corners, and no
sudden changes in contour.
Figure F1
The inlet section decreases the area of the
fluid stream, causing the velocity to increase and the
pressure to decrease. The low pressure is measured in the
center of the cylindrical throat since the pressure will be
at its lowest value, and neither the pressure nor the
velocity is changing. The recovery cone allows for the
recovery of pressure such that total pressure loss is only
10% to 25%. The high pressure is measured upstream of the
entrance cone. The major disadvantages of this type of flow
detection are the high initial costs for installation and
difficulty in installation and inspection.
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