Materials Chemicals and Adhesives

The following are links to Adhesives, and related chemicals definin their application and other design engineering related data.

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Adhesives are substances capable of holding materials together in a useful manner by surface attachment. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of adhesive bonding are as follows:

Advantages: Ability to bond similar or dissimilar materials of different thicknesses; fabrication of complex shapes not feasible by other fastening means; smooth external joint surface; economic and rapid assembly; uniform distribution of stresses; weight reduction; vibration damping; prevention or reduction of galvanic corrosion; insulating properties.

Disadvantages: Surface preparation; long cure times; optimum bond strength not realized instantaneously, service-temperature limitations; service deterioration; assembly fire or toxicity; tendency to creep under sustained load.

broad scheme of classification is given below:

Origin and basic type		Adhesive material
Natural	Animal	Albumen, animal glue (including fish), casein, shellac, beeswax
	Vegetable	Natural resins (gum arabic, tragacanth, colophony, Canada balsam, etc.); oils and waxes (carnauba wax, linseed oils); proteins (soybean); carbohydrates (starch, dextrins)
	Mineral	Inorganic materials (silicates, magnesia, phosphates, litharge, sulfur, etc.); mineral waxes (paraffin); mineral resins (copal, amber); bitumen (including asphalt)
Synthetic	Elastomers	Natural rubber (and derivatives, chlorinated rubber, cyclized rubber, rubber hydrochloride) Synthetic rubbers and derivatives (butyl, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene blends (including styrene and acylonitrile), polyisoprenes, polychloroprene, polyurethane, silicone, polysulfide, polyolefins (ethylene vinyl chloride, ethylene polypropylene) Reclaim rubbers
	Thermoplastic	Cellulose derivatives (acetate, acetate-butyrate, caprate, nitrate, methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose) Vinyl polymers and copolymers (polyvinyl acetate, alcohol, acetal, chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alkyl ethers Polyesters (saturated) [polystyrene, polyamides (nylons and modifications)] Polyacrylates (methacrylate and acrylate polymers, cyanoacrylates, acrylamide) Polyethers (polyhydroxy ether, polyphenolic ethers) Polysulfones
	Thermosetting	Amino plastics (urea and melamine formaldehydes and modifications) Epoxides and modifications (epoxy polyamide, epoxy bitumen, epoxy polysulfide, epoxy nylon) Phenolic resins and modifications (phenol and resorcinol formaldehydes, phenolic-nitrile, phenolic-neoprene, phenolic-epoxy) Polyesters (unsaturated) Polyaromatics (polyimide, polybenzimidazole, polybenzothiazole, polyphenylene) Furanes (phenol furfural)

References

Mark's Mechanical Engineers Edge Handbook
Shields, “Adhesives Handbook,” CRC Press (Division of the Chemical Rubber Co.).

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