| Concrete Column Base Plate Design |
| Base plates are usually used to distribute column loads over a large enough area of supporting concrete construction that the design bearing strength of the concrete is not exceeded. |
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| Soil Permeability Review |
| The coefficient of permeability k is a measure of the rate of flow of water through saturated soil under a given hydraulic gradient i, cm/cm, and is defined in accordance with Darcy's law as:
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| Soil Compaction Testing Core Method |
| The sand-cone method is used to determine in the field the density of compacted soils in earth embankments, road fill, and structure back fill, as well as the density of natural soil deposits, aggregates, soil mixtures, or other similar materials. It is not suitable, however, for soils that are saturated, soft, or friable (crumble easily). |
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| Purlin Roof Structure |
| In architecture or structural engineering or building, a purlin (or purline) is a horizontal structural member in a roof. Purlins support the loads from the roof deck or sheathing and are supported by the principal rafters and/or the building walls, steel beams etc. |
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