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The electromagnetic flowmeter is similar in
principle to the generator. The rotor of the generator is
replaced by a pipe placed between the poles of a magnet so
that the flow of the fluid in the pipe is normal to the
magnetic field. As the fluid flows through this magnetic
field, an electromotive force is induced in it that will be
mutually normal (perpendicular) to both the magnetic field
and the motion of the fluid. This electromotive force may be
measured with the aid of electrodes attached to the pipe and
connected to a galvanometer or an equivalent. For a given
magnetic field, the induced voltage will be proportional to
the average velocity of the fluid. However, the fluid should
have some degree of electrical conductivity.
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