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A power conditioner, also known as a line conditioner, is a device that is installed between an electronic system, module, or piece of equipment (such as a computer) and its power source (usually an AC wall outlet). The power conditioner features protection against power surges as well as provides a continuous voltage to the primary system during momentary and/or temporary voltage dips/reductions (such as those that would occur during a brownout). Power conditioners can also include EMI filtering capability and the ability to "smooth out" the inherent rhythmic cycling of typical AC.

Arguably one of the most popular types of power conditioners is the Constant Voltage Transformer, or CVT (also known as a Ferroresonant Transformer). This type of power conditioner is an excellent solution for equipment or loads that are meeting critical requirements (such as hospital equipment, computer systems, process control and automation, high end audio/video equipment and systems (such as home theater), remote sites, as well as third world applications). Just as importantly, a power conditioner will allow for the avoidance of brownouts, power sags and power surges - this avoids damage to critical systems that might be readily apparent or not. In the latter case, equipment life can be shortened by the previously mentioned power problems - and this may not happen until weeks or months later. The size and specifications of the power conditioner required depend on the system, equipment or device that is being protected. Besides the CVT, other types of power conditioners include Electronic Voltage Regulator, and Mechanical Voltage Regulator styles.

As mentioned above, power conditioners are utilized where brownouts, power sags and surges will interrupt the operation of critical equipment and/or damage electronic devices, modules, or systems. Applications include marine, medical, telecommunications, utility generation/distribution, railway, airport guidance and control as well as military systems. Depending on the application, power conditioners come in sizes ranging from a one-pound box with multiple outlets on the front of the enclosure, to rack-style cabinet units complete with a distribution panel and internal diagnostics.

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